DGCA Air Regulations: Operation of Aircraft Questions

Correct answer: B. 2 alternates

When destination met conditions are unavailable or below AOM, the pilot must file TWO ALTERNATE aerodromes in the flight plan instead of the usual one). This ensures there are always two viable options if the destination is unusable. With two alternates, at least one should be above minima even if conditions are deteriorating across the region.

Correct answer: C. MSA

MSA Minimum Sector Altitude) is the lowest altitude you can safely fly within 25 NM of the aerodrome navigation facility. It provides at least 300m 1000 ft) clearance above all obstacles. Think of it as the floor of the sky near an airport — you must stay above the MSA to be safe.

Correct answer: A. The amount of fuel required to fly for 45 minutes, under speed and altitude conditions specified by the State of the Operator

For piston reciprocating) engine aeroplanes, final reserve fuel = 45 minutes of flight at specified speed and altitude. This is your emergency tank — the absolute minimum you must land with. Never touch the final reserve unless it is a true emergency.

Correct answer: C. Safe conduct of flight at all times

The Pilot in Command PIC) is responsible for the safe conduct of flight AT ALL TIMES — inside or outside controlled airspace, on radar vectors or not. There are no exceptions. Even if ATC gives you a wrong instruction, the PIC is still responsible for not flying into terrain.

Correct answer: B. Fuel to fly for 45 min

For piston/reciprocating engine aircraft, the final reserve fuel is 45 minutes of flying. For jet aircraft it is 30 minutes. Think: pistons are older and less reliable, so they get an extra 15 minutes of reserve just to be safe.

Correct answer: C. 30 minutes hold at 1500 ft above destination aerodrome elevation, when no alternate is required

Think of final reserve fuel like the emergency snack your mom packs. For jets, the rule says you must always keep enough fuel to fly for 30 minutes at 1500 ft above your destination airport height — but only when you do not need an alternate airport. This is the ICAO rule for final reserve fuel.

Correct answer: A. The total time from when an aircraft first moves under its own power for the purpose of taking off until it comes to rest after flight

Flight time is measured like a stopwatch — it starts the moment the aircraft begins moving on its own power to go fly, and stops only when it comes to a complete stop after landing. It includes taxiing! It is NOT just the time in the air. This is important for crew duty time calculations.

Correct answer: C. Approximately 45 000 ft.

At very high altitudes above about 40,000 ft, even breathing 100% pure oxygen is not enough because the surrounding pressure is so low that oxygen cannot be pushed into the lungs properly. Above approximately 45,000 ft, you need pressure-demand oxygen — oxygen forced in under pressure — to keep the pilot alive. Below that, 100% oxygen alone works fine.

Correct answer: B. An operating crew member

The flight deck cockpit) is a highly secure and safety-critical area. Only crew members specifically assigned to that flight are normally allowed inside. However, an operating crew member — someone who is part of the crew operations but not in the assigned seats — may also be admitted. Security staff, operator representatives, and others are generally not permitted unless specific regulatory exceptions apply.

Correct answer: C. Captain

The Captain Pilot in Command) is responsible for the aircraft and all its systems before flight. Checking that the radio telephony RT) equipment is working correctly before the first flight of the day is one of the Captain's responsibilities. The Captain must ensure all communication systems are serviceable before departing. As PIC, the buck stops with the Captain for all pre-flight checks.

Correct answer: A. Tyre tread, Runway contamination, Runway surface

Good braking depends on three main things working together: tyre tread how much grip the tyre has), runway contamination is there water, ice, slush or rubber on the runway?), and runway surface is it smooth tarmac, grooved concrete, or grass?). All three directly affect how well the brakes can slow the aircraft. Surface winds and tyre diameter have much less direct effect on actual braking performance.

Correct answer: B. Two cabin crew plus one cabin crew for each unit of 50 passengers units above 99 passengers

The correct answer is that an airplane with more than 50 passengers needs two cabin crew members plus one additional crew member for every extra 50 passengers above 99. This ensures safety and proper assistance during flights. A common mistake is thinking only one crew member is needed for every 50 passengers, but that doesn't cover larger aircraft adequately. Think of it like a classroom: more students need more teachers to help manage everything smoothly.